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Caster Installing an after market suspension to your truck has
some trade off. On the plus side you gain room for larger tires and more axle
articulation. On the negative side you can upset factory caster and pinion angles. |
Some off-roaders have tried to adjust poor pinion angles by rotating the pinion up with shims or by moving the spring pads on the axle. If done to excess this can cause unusual or unsafe handing characteristics to your truck by inducing negative caster. If Camber and Toe-in are correct you can perform your own caster test as easily as driving the truck on the road and observing its reaction to a simple test. Before testing, make sure all tires are properly inflated, being very careful to insure the front tires are exactly the same pressure. As you drive down the road at a moderate speed turn the wheels slowly from side to side. If the truck turns easily from side to side but is hard to straighten out, insufficient (negative) caster is the problem. To restore the correct caster angle you can install steel shims or rotate the steering knuckles at the end of the axle tube. It is best to have this angle checked by a competent shop but, a lot can be accomplished by the backyard mechanic.
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Toe Adjustment Toe is the turning out of the front wheels. The purpose of a toe specification is to insure parallel rolling of the front wheels. Proper toe adjustment helps keep the truck going down the road in a straight line. A slight amount of positive toe makes the vehicle feel more stable. Improper toe can cause wander and shimmy as your tires start to show unusual wear pattern.
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Toe can very easily set in your driveway. The measurement should be taken as close to the center of the hub as possible. With a simple steel tape measure take a reading at the front and back of the tire in the center. Use the drawing as an example. When setting toe adjustments in the drive way it is very important to make an adjustment, roll the truck back and forth a few feet then recheck your measurement. Toe should be set toward the high side on the positive end of the scale for larger diameter tires.
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Back Spacing To run those gnarly Thornbirds you will need three inches or less back spacing. Most aftermarket wheels I have come across seem to have a 3.5 inches measurement for back spacing. For optimum clearance most Samurai owners are running 2 3/4 inch back spacing. This will allow sufficient clearance to clear the lugs on the springs during full lock turns. But it can have an adverse affect on your axle bearings. Backspacing affects your bearings because the center of the contact patch is offset from the kingpin axis. This induces torque to the knuckles. |
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Articulation The ability of one component of a machine to twist off
axis from another component of or from the main frame of said machine. This definition is
based upon Compton's Encyclopedia Dictionary, which states in part: "a joint or
juncture... in the skeleton...more or less freely movable..." "a moveable joint
between rigid parts..." and "a joint or connection between two parts capable of
spontaneous separation". How it is Measured One of two ways it could be measured, based upon the
definition given: |
Wheel travel The distance the wheel will move throughout its arc of travel from full extension to full compression, without damaging the vehicle, in dynamic circumstances. You can only estimate this, since you can't repeat in the shop what the wheel will do when you drive off a 4 foot waterfall, or crest a knife edge dune at 45 MPH. How it is Measured The estimate is measured by hanging your suspension
while the frame is on jack stands, and using a hydraulic jack to push the axle away from
the frame, measuring droop, or distance from the frame to the axle in a vertical
direction, then compressing the suspension as far as possible, measuring again and the
difference is travel. This is easy in torsion bar mini trucks, just take out the torsion
bars and compress the suspension. That will show you how far up it will go. In a leaf
spring rig, you must extrapolate the settings by looking at where your suspension was when
it was on the ramp, and subtracting that figure from
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09/15/04 14:53
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